research paper

Scientific efforts for penguins


GilJae Yeo


http://rlfwojjang.blogspot.com/2008/06/research-paper.html


EAP2, Writer`s Workshop
Thomas Leverett
June 18,2008

Abstract
The topic of this paper is the fact that Antarctic penguins have been decreasing because of global warming. It argues that humans should protect Antarctic penguins, because decreasing of penguins is caused by human activities. There are three ways for this argument. The first is that the scientist prevents making global warming worse, and the second is that the scientist should make an artificial city for penguins. Finally, scientists should produce their food.


















Have you ever heard about global warming? What do you think about whether people should protect the environment? I became interested in penguins after studying global warming in Core class. People like penguin’s appearance and their walking style because it is very cute. People make air, water, soil, and food pollution due to human activities. The definition of global warming is gradual increase in the earth`s surface temperature. Also, “Global warming is disrupting wildlife and the environment on every continent, according to an unprecedented study that reveals the extent to which climate change is already affecting the world`s ecosystems” (Sample, 2008, para. 1). The population of the Antarctic penguin has been decreasing because of global warming. Also, penguins have been losing their habitats. Moreover, they need to eat krill or lantern fish, but there are not enough to eat for them, because of global warming. Global warming has caused very serious problems. According to Smith (2008), penguins in the Antarctic Peninsula gradually died and moved their habitat because of global warming. Global warming makes penguins lose their habitats. Zarembo (2008) explains, “A slight increase in temperature has a huge effect on krill production” (Zarembo, 2008, para. 14).

Smith (2008) explains “The current prediction is what will rise between 0.5 and 1.5 meters this century, but global warming has repeatedly overturned predictions. Right now, the western side of the peninsula is warming at a rate 10 times greater than the mean rate of global warming, the fastest rate in the world” (Smith, 2008, para. 7). Penguins have been decreasing because of global warming. For saving endangered penguins, the scientists need to prevent making global warming worse, because global warming has caused the penguins to die; also the scientists should make an artificial city, and produce their food, because the icebergs are melting.

First, the scientist needs to prevent making global warming worse because global warming has caused a lot of penguins to go toward extinction. Roach (2001) explains, “Warmer air and sea surface temperatures in the Antarctic reduce the amount of ice in the sea. This, in turn, leads to smaller populations of krill, a shrimp-like crustacean that is a staple of the emperor penguin`s diet. With less food to eat, emperor penguins die” (Roach, 2001, para. 5). Antarctic penguin has been decreasing because of global warming. It might be happening because of human activities. Many people are able to make air pollution because now we are using fossil fuel. For example, when we use cars, it makes exhaust gas. This induces air pollution. Also, we usually make some serious environment pollution, because we use plastic bags or oil. It will cause environmental destruction. And, if we did not have any other resource, we would need to try to get new resources. Roach (2004) explains, “Average wintertime temperatures on the peninsula, Trivelpiece said, have risen by about 9 degrees Fahrenheit (5 degrees Celsius) in the last 50 years. As a result, pack ice that once formed every winter now has a cyclical nature to it” (Roach, 2004, para. 16). We should make efforts to conserve natural resources through recycling, because it is a good way.

Second, the scientists should make an artificial city for penguins, because global warming has made penguins lose their habitats. And, people should establish a World Penguin Association, because of for people who support this cause. Although, there are already many associations for endangered animals in the world, none only focus on protecting penguins. According to Sample (2008), the populations of the Antarctic penguin has been decreasing because of climate change and increasing temperature. Also, “Big falls in Antarctic penguin populations, fewer fish in African lakes, shifts in American river flows and earlier flowering and bird migrations in Europe are all likely to be driven by global warming, the study found” (Sample, 2008, para. 3). One example of successful cases is the Giant Panda. The China wildlife Conservation Association focused on Giant Panda. In “news from the Fujifilm Giant Panda Habit” the author stats “The national Zoo and the Giant Panda conservation fund are helping the Wolong Giant Panda Breeding Center as it rebuilds and provides support for the giant pandas and their dedicated caretakers” (News from the Fujifilm Giant Panda Habit, n.d., para 5). I think that penguins need their own association and suffer from global warming which can help them. The association should learn how we can protect penguins. Also, they need a lot of money and people can donate it for penguins. I think the association will be helpful for saving penguins.

Finally, scientists should produce penguins` food, because the icebergs are melting. According to Spotts (2008), glaciologists worry about Antarctica`s ice shelves` role as a protective barrier, because if this were melted, it would not be able to play an important role in keeping the other glaciers away from flowing into the sea. And, the glaciers have been melting faster. One way to help penguins, is that the scientists should rear krill, because penguins do not have enough food. In “Krill Discovered Living In The Antarctic Abyss” the author states “Numbers of Antarctic krill appear to have dropped by about 80% since the 1970s. The most likely explanation is a dramatic decline in winter sea-ice. Krill feed on the algae found under the surface of the sea-ice, which acts as a kind of ‘nursery’. The Antarctic Peninsula, a key breeding ground for the krill, has warmed by 2.5C in the last 50 year, with a striking decrease in sea-ice. It is not fully understood how the loss of sea-ice there is connected to the warming, but could be behind the decline in krill” (British Antarctic Survey, 2008, para 9). The scientists should make special places and rear krill there because it will be helpful to provide their feed. Another way is that people can make more ice, and then they carry the ice to Antarctica. It will help to decrease the temperature. Penguins do not have to move their habitats if the temperature decreases.

According to Matt Farina`s article, “Christians should not care about global warming,” “This very likely may be true. But, is it a bad thing? To many people who are comfortable with the way things are and a landscape change would remind them how little control they really have this is enough to drive them mad” (Farina, 2007, para. 5). However, we should care about the environment because human has caused global warming by human activities. According to Sample (2008), the wildlife and environment on every continent have been confused because of global warming. It might have happened because of human activities. Moreover, we usually use plastic bags, oil, or cars. This has caused serious environment pollution. Also, population growth can make pollution, because many people are able to make air pollution, water pollution, and to destroy the environment. Roach (2001) explains, “climate scientists believe that Earth`s polar regions are harbingers of the effects of global warming and play a major role in regulating global climate. The Antarctic circumpolar wave, for example, is tied to episodes of drought and deluges of rain in Australia. The science, however, is still evolving. “We are progressively understanding how environment variability affects populations,” said Weimerskirch” (Roach, 2008, paras. 13-14).

In conclusion, the scientist needs to prevent making global warming worse, and the scientists should make an artificial city and produce penguins` food. If penguins would disappear in the world, it might be possible for same situation because people do not worry about global warming. So, people should pay attention to penguins because global warming has happened due to human activities. So, humans should and need to protect penguins because this situation comes from humans.












Reference

British Antarctic Survey (2008, February 26). Krill Discovered Living In The Antarctic Abyss. ScienceDaily. Retrieved on June 14, 2008 from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/02/080225122334.htm

Farina, M. (2007, February 8). Christians Shouldn`t Care About Global Warming. MattFarina.com. Retrieved on June 11, 2008 from http://www.mattfarina.com/2007/02/08/christians_shouldnt_care_about_global_warming

News from the Fujifilm Giant Panda Habit (n.d.). National Zoological Park. Retrieved on June 14, 2008 from
http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Animals/GiantPandas/

Roach, J. (2001, May 9). Penguin decline in Antarctica linked with climate change. National Geographic News. Retrieved June 9, 2008 from http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/05/0509_penguindecline.html

Roach, J. (2004, September 13). Penguin decline due to global warming. National Geographic News. Retrieved June 9, 2008 from http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/09/0913_040913_penguins.html

Smith, C. (2008, May 24). To crack a climate cipher, watch the penguins. thestar.com. Retrieved June 1, 2008 from
http://www.thestar.com/printArticle/429050

Sample, I. (2008, May 15). Science: Global warming: World`s wildlife and environment already hit by climate change, major study shows: 90% of damage caused by rising temperatures: Conclusions based on reports going back to 1970. The Guardian (London). Retrieved May 27, 2008 from Lexis-Nexis.

Spotts, P. (2008, March 28). Antarctic`s Wilkins Ice Shelf eroding at an unforeseen pace. The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved May 20, 2008 from
http://www.csmonitor.com/2008/0328/p25s10-wogi.html

Zarembo, A. (2008, February 12). A climate warning for another species; The king penguin survived over-hunting but is threatened anew, this time by warming waters, a study says. Los Angeles times. Retrieved May 27, 2008 from Lexis-Nexis